Healthcare logistics platform provider Mobile Aspects soon will install its RFID-enabled tissue and implant tracking system in a pair of Cambridge Health Alliance hospitals, helping the Massachusetts-based healthcare provider modernize its surgical care delivery and inventory analysis processes.
Mobile Aspects’ iRISecure system will replace time-consuming manual tracking methods in operating rooms at CHA Cambridge Hospital and CHA Everett Hospital. Five cabinets will be installed between the two hospitals, each backed by software that integrates and interfaces seamlessly with CHA’s electronic medical records system to provide staff with up-to-date tracking of tissues, fluids and equipment used during surgeries, guided workflows on usage and cleaning procedures to ensure Joint Commission standards are met, and detailed reporting that reveals insights on inventory and processes. In all, iRISecure is expected to create a safer, more efficient and cost-effective environment.
“Ultimately, our platform is about introducing an ease-of-use that reduces the amount of time a provider is spending tracking down tissue or trying to remember how long it ago it was removed from a freezer,” said Suneil Mandava, CEO of Mobile Aspects. “With iRISecure, it’s really as simple as removing the sample from the cabinet, and thanks to our patented RFID-tracking technology and our software, we can capture its entire journey in the hospital from dock to patient. No extra scanning, no need to remember any complicated codes, and definitely no more writing out records that end up getting lost in a file cabinet.”
At a time when years of a public health crisis and supply chain woes have stressed health systems, iRISecure’s reporting capabilities will provide CHA a valuable tool. The platform’s interface allows easy access to learn how much of a certain type of tissue or product is on hand across the health system, determine which tissue physicians are using and how often, and uncover historic usage trends to properly balance supply levels.
“There’s a whole host of things you can do with RFID tracking, so much more that you can do with just supply chain tracking alone,” said Roger Conant, CHA’s Associate Chief Nursing Officer of Perioperative Services. “That’s what excites me the most, the endless number of possibilities we have with this type of technology to protect our patients and keep them safe.”
For example, iRISecure can produce a Zero-Use Report, which flags items that have not been used in a set period and may need to be replaced or removed, and an Overstock Report, which identifies items that are not exceeding peak weekly usage, indicating there may be too many on hand. This reduces costs and eliminates the possibility of using an expired product.
“In the next six months, I’d like to see improvements in the traceability of what we have on hand, so we can clean up a lot of what might not be used right now by individual providers and bring in more of the things they are using,” said Eduardo Pepin, CHA’s Perioperative Business and Inventory Manager. “With this new technology, I’m confident we can meet that goal, help our providers and, therefore, our patients.”
Along with tissue, the Pittsburgh-based company’s platform can track blood supplies, specimens, high-value assets, and general equipment and supplies, opening the potential for a broader and long-lasting partnership between Mobile Aspects and CHA.
“When I first met Roger and Eduardo, I immediately knew they were the ideal leaders I wanted to partner with,” said Richard Bennett, Mobile Aspects’ New England Regional Director. “These gentlemen are forward thinking, innovative leaders, that embrace technology and quickly understood the value Mobile Aspects provides. They had a keen interest in our RFID tissue tracking, specimen tracking, and high-cost ortho implant tracking solutions which address patient safety, reduce inventory, labor costs, and meet Joint Commission standards for reporting. I very much look forward to working with Roger, Eduardo, and the OR team at Cambridge Health Alliance.”
ABOUT MOBILE ASPECTS
For more than 20 years, Mobile Aspects has pioneered new methods for modernizing and optimizing the care delivery process in health systems. A Pittsburgh, Pa.-based private entity backed by patented technologies, Mobile Aspects’ platform eliminates manual and fallible practices to make hospitals safer and less at risk for sentinel events. Utilizing RFID technology and guided workflows for tracking and returning equipment, as well as an interface that syncs with a health system’s EMR, Mobile Aspects allows hospitals to focus on what matters most — patients. For more information, visit www.mobileaspects.com.
ABOUT CAMBRIDGE HEALTH ALLIANCE
Cambridge Health Alliance (CHA) is a Massachusetts community health system serving over 140,000 patients in Cambridge, Somerville and Boston’s metro-north communities. Key clinical services include primary care, behavioral health, emergency care, surgery and specialty care, hospital care, maternity care and state-of-the-art testing services. It has a robust Department of Community Health Improvement and operates the nationally accredited Cambridge Public Health Department. As a teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Tufts University School of Medicine, CHA trains the health care providers of tomorrow. For more information, visit www.challiance.org.
Loaner scopes are typically very hard to track in busy endoscopy departments, where they are combined in circulation with dozens of other endoscopes across multiple floors or buildings. Without proper documentation, it is hard to know exactly when loaner scopes are due to be sent back to the vendor. Loaner scopes can also end up being the source of unnecessary and frequent charges from your vendors. This issue is compounded in an Enterprise setup, where hard-to-manage loaner scopes can lead to thousands of dollars per year in additional, unbudgeted expenses.
Loaner scopes are intended to be used for a short, fixed duration of time, typically at no cost while another scope is sent back to a vendor for repairs. When taking in loaner scopes, however, hospitals are signing up for several risks. First of all, loaner scopes that are held too long can result in rental fees for each month that a loaner scope is used beyond the agreed to period. With so many scopes going in and out of a facility, it is easy to take your eye off of the contracted time period and get hit with unexpected costs. Moreover, any costs related to damage to loaner scopes are the sole responsibility of the hospital. Because of this, it’s best to use loaner scopes only when absolutely required and to make sure they don’t get overused and damaged. Lastly, loaner scopes can, and quite often do, get lost. It may be a temporary or permanent loss of scopes, but either way, if the loaner scope isn’t found when the vendor asks for it, you may get hit with an unexpected bill. With these risks, hospitals need an automated system to keep track of the loaner scopes going in and out of their possession. Academic medical centers and large health systems especially require a solution due to the sheer number of loaner scopes they have at any given time. Mobile Aspects has built an automated endoscope tracking system that includes a feature that helps hospitals manage their loaner scope inventory. The company’s scope tracking software, iRIScope, helps manage the tracking and usage of an entire endoscope inventory, and a new module has been released that focuses on loaner scopes. When loaner scopes reach the end of their contracted term, the software can send proactive alerts to notify techs that loaner scopes need to be returned to the vendor. iRIScope tracks the usage levels of loaner scopes so you can make sure you keep loaner scope usage to a minimal level when possible. The system also helps track down missing loaner scopes by recording a real-time chain of custody of scopes so missing scopes can be identified and tracked down immediately. iRIScope helps to mitigate all of the risks associated with loaner scopes as part of its best-in-class scope tracking capabilities. iRIScope will also help manage all of the usage, reprocessing and repair details of your entire scope inventory, and will offer up actionable analytics on how to improve the management of your expensive scopes. Built in patient safety features also minimize the risk from adverse health events caused by inadequately reprocessed scopes. To find out more about iRIScope and its benefits for loaner scope management, sign up for a demo today.
In many US health systems, endoscopes are stored and shared across several different buildings and campuses due to the sheer number of endoscopes required to treat both routine and specialty procedures. As a result, many of these shared endoscopes are misplaced or lost, and hundreds of hours are spent monthly trying to track them down, which can lead to delays or even cancellations of procedures.
Many hospitals and surgery centers are evaluating technologies that can help track their scopes and automate the documentation of key steps along their usage lifecycle. One such scope tracking system that helps health systems track endoscopes as they travel throughout hospitals is iRIScope from Mobile Aspects. This unique endoscope tracking system uses RFID technology and optional RFID-enabled scope storage cabinets to track endoscopes throughout their journey. The software’s transfer scope feature allows users to track and instantly see which of their scopes are being loaned from one department or hospital to another along with their current location and status. The feature also helps identify scopes that were lost/misplaced during transfer by showing an in-transit status and how long scopes have been in transit. Alerts can also be set to proactively send notifications to employees when scopes have not been seen in the system in 24 hours, or another customized time period. With these features, health systems can keep an eye on endoscopes as they travel throughout the system and ensure traceability to help track down scopes that are missing.
The software also includes a loaner scope tracking feature that allows users to see a real-time view of which of their current scopes are loaner scopes and how long they have been in their possession. Alerts can be set to remind users when loaner scopes have reached a certain time threshold as a notification that the scope needs to be sent back to the vendor. This can help mitigate surprise bills from vendors for loaners that have been in the hospital’s possession for too long.
iRIScope also helps hospitals meet documentation requirements from The Joint Commission (TJC) and other accreditation bureaus, who have cracked down on scope documentation practices in recent years. Utilizing automated data capture techniques, iRIScope helps to document the entire reprocessing cycle for each scope without any manual data entry. The system also captures which scopes are used on which patients in an automated fashion. This ensures that required documentation is recorded without any additional work required from employees, increasing job satisfaction and patient safety.
With the modular design of iRIScope and excellent software tracking support, endoscopes can now be managed within large health systems in a way that matches existing workflows and protocols and can grow and adapt to changing requirements as time passes. This makes sure that any investment in the iRIScope endoscope tracking system will be a profitable and time-saving endeavor. Sign Up for a demo today.
The product, iRISecure Blood, is an industry-first RFID transfusion and safety system for hospital emergency departments and trauma centers.
[Pittsburgh, PA – October 19, 2021]
Mobile Aspects, a global healthcare software company that helps hospitals become safer and more efficient, today announced the first end-to-end RFID Bloodbag tracking system, iRISecure Blood. This new solution is now available to hospital emergency departments and trauma centers across the United States.
Tracking and documenting the use of blood and plasma is a critical function of hospital emergency departments and trauma centers. With only 7% of the population being considered a “universal donor” with Type O blood, which has been further depleted by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, it is critical this scarce resource is properly stored and tracked. iRISecure Blood tracks this blood and provides robust data to hospital administrators to ensure the best operations around this important issue.
“As a leading surgical program in the western Pennsylvania region and home to a Level I trauma center, effective and efficient management of our blood supply is critical to meeting the health needs of our patients,” said Mark Nussbaum, COO of Allegheny Health Network’s (AHN) Allegheny General Hospital (AGH). “We are excited to collaborate with Mobile Aspects on the implementation of its innovative iRISecure Bloodbag tracking system at AGH, as it will further improve our utilization of this precious resource and the quality and safety of care that we are able to provide.”
Some of the features iRISecure Blood will bring to hospitals and Trauma Centers include:
Tracking: First and only RFID blood management tracking system designed for the unique issues in hospital emergency departments and trauma centers; tracks bloodbags from the bloodbank in a hospital to the point of transfusion into the patient.
Easy access: Provides quick and easy access to blood and plasma for Emergency use.
Eliminate waste: iRISecure automatically notifies administrators if a bloodbag is out of refrigeration for too long or is expired.
Data: Previously, hospitals had poor data on bloodbag receipt and travel throughout the hospital. iRISecure gives hospitals electronic reports on bloodbags, trends, and other information to help drive patient safety and efficiency.
Accountability: With robust data, hospitals know who is taking which bloodbag and for which patient.
Interface with Electronic Medical Record (EMR): iRISecure Blood automatically sends transfusion information into leading EMRs, including Epic.
“Mobile Aspects has been working closely with hospital executives and physician leaders for 20+ years to help them tackle the most important issues in running a hospital in today’s complex clinical, regulatory, technical, and financial environments,” said Suneil Mandava, President, CEO of Mobile Aspects. “iRISecure Blood is another example of Mobile Aspects’ ability to quickly deliver a solution that is at the top of many hospital executives’ list of priorities.”
iRISecure Blood is available now for Emergency and Trauma Centers. To learn more about Mobile Aspects, please visit our website.
ABOUT MOBILE ASPECTS
Mobile Aspects, a global healthcare software company that helps hospitals become safer and more efficient. Founded in 2000 in Pittsburgh, PA, the company has decades of experience leveraging their proprietary RFID technology to reduce the manual documentation burden placed on most hospital clinicians today, helping hospitals achieve greater savings in time, costs, and resources while also enabling better care for patients.
The healthcare supply chain has come a long way over the past few decades. For most hospitals, the supply chain included mainly manual processes for obtaining resources, managing supplies, and delivering goods and services to providers and patients. Because there are thousands of products and services that go through a hospital’s supply chain, along with an array of stakeholders, technology is needed to close the data gap in hospitals. Pen and paper are on their way out as technology in supply chain management has evolved, and the industry is continuing to see considerable changes.
Even in the age of streamlined solutions, the process for bill-only / same-day items has maintained a dependence on paper forms and manual processes to get things done. It begins with a vendor rep typically filling out a document or paper form for a requisition of a product that is a bill-only product. Someone at the hospital must receive the form, then manually examine it to see if that exact product was used in a specific case, and then verify if the right price with the right discount was applied to it. For many hospitals, the purchasing of bill-only products can be a time consuming and difficult process. Due to the lack of a proper software solution to automate such a process, most providers rely on paper forms and manual research to get them approved and purchased.
Hospitals that rely on manual processes for bill-only item management are prone to a lot of error and fraud. Vendors can get supplies and implants into the OR/procedure rooms that have not been properly approved by hospital administration, which can go against hospital policy. In some cases, due to poor documentation, bill-only items often are not put on the patient medical record and are often not billed to the patient resulting in a loss to the hospital. Also, data and reporting on the use of bill-only items is very poor if it exists at all. All these problems create frustration for the hospital administration, department leaders, supply chain, finance and accounting.
Mobile Aspects has designed a solution that addresses the unique challenges of bill-only items – one that eliminates paper forms, provides visibility to the process and uses advance technology to automate manual tasks. If your hospital is seeing billing and ordering issues related to same-day / bill-only items, there is software available to help improve the traceability of these often-problematic items. iRISupply’s implant and supply tracking software includes a feature to track bill-only items to make the documentation process more transparent. With this feature, it’s easier to document supplies at the point of use. If a supply is brought in from a vendor, it can be marked as used from an interface on the iRISupply cabinet or console. An additional module on the Web will allow users to manage bill-only/same-day items so they are approved using the proper workflow. With these features available, hospitals are able to ease the documentation headache created by bill-only items and focus on patient care where their attention is most needed.
For more information, sign up for a free virtual demo by visiting HERE.
All blood is precious, but type O-negative blood has especially high importance in Emergency Departments and Trauma Centers. Shortage of blood is a barrier to properly treat trauma patients, provide blood transfusions, and conduct surgeries. For patients whose lives hang in the balance, Trauma Centers and Emergency Departments require Type O-negative blood to perform life-saving procedures. O-negative blood is often called the ‘universal blood type’ because nearly anyone can receive it. This makes it vitally important in an emergency or when a patient’s blood type is unknown.
Trauma Centers and Emergency Departments need to document blood at a high level to make sure that they keep an accurate count of inventory and re-order blood when needed. However, due to the hectic nature of their operations, Trauma Centers and Emergency Departments often struggle to properly document blood. Currently they’re required to track blood when it arrives in their department, keep a clear record of which blood was used on which patients, and stay on top of other important data like expiration dates. Another challenge with tracking blood is that it has a shelf life of 48 days, so any miscalculation in record-keeping can lead to wasted blood, which hospitals absolutely cannot afford.
Mobile Aspects has produced a solution to automatically document the usage of blood, with a clear goal that Emergency Departments and Trauma Centers never run out of uncrossmatched blood by keeping an accurate record of blood and making sure it is always ordered when needed. iRISecure-Blood is the first and only RFID (radio frequency identification) blood tracking and documentation system designed specifically for Trauma Centers and Emergency Departments. The product was designed to bring automation to Trauma Centers and EDs so that staff can focus on the patient rather than filling out grueling forms and data logs. The system can be integrated with the blood supplier’s information systems to provide seamless communication between a blood bank and its blood supplier, as well as to the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) to provide automatic documentation in the patient’s medical record. The system also automatically records valuable information about each blood transfusion such as serial number and expiration date. Alerts are provided to remind hospital staff about expiration dates and blood that has been out of cold storage for too long.
iRISecure-Blood solves many documentation and workflow issues that most Trauma Centers and Emergency Departments face. With this new solution, Trauma Centers can make sure they never run out of uncrosmatched blood. Sign up for a demo today to learn more about iRISecure-Blood.
An insufficient blood supply can have severe negative impacts on hospitals, especially in a Trauma Centers or Emergency Department. A shortage of blood is an obstacle to properly treat trauma patients, provide blood transfusions, and conduct elective surgeries. Trauma Centers and Emergency Departments require Type O-negative blood, which is also known as uncrossmatched blood, for patients whose live hang in the balance. O-negative blood is often called the ‘universal blood type’ because nearly anyone can receive it. This makes it vitally important in an emergency or when a patient’s blood type is unknown.
According to the Red Cross, only 7% of people have type O negative blood, and there is currently only a half-day supply nationwide. With COVID-19 being a primary reason for blood shortages worldwide, the donation of this blood type has taken a significant hit. Also, it is reported by the Red Cross that there has been a 10% increase in blood requests from Trauma Centers since 2019. These factors show how important O-negative blood can be in saving someone’s life.
One of the issues Trauma Centers and Emergency Departments have been facing is proper documentation of blood. That includes tracking blood when it arrives, keeping a clear record of which blood was used on which patients, and other important data like expiration dates. Another challenge with blood is that it has a shelf life of 48 days (about 1 and a half months), so any errors in record-keeping can lead to wasted blood, which hospitals absolutely cannot afford.
In order to bring innovation to an area desperately needing it, Mobile Aspects has produced a solution to automatically document the usage of blood. iRISecure-Blood is the first and only RFID (radio frequency identification) blood tracking and documentation system designed specifically for Trauma Centers and Emergency Departments. iRISecure-Blood was designed to bring automation to Trauma Centers and EDs so that staff can focus on the patient rather than filling out laborious forms and data logs. The system can be integrated with the blood supplier’s information systems to provide seamless communication between a blood bank and its blood supplier, as well as to the Electronic Medical Record to provide automatic documentation in the patient’s medical record. The system also automatically records important information about each blood transfusion such as serial number and expiration date. Alerts are provided to remind hospital staff about expiration dates and blood that has been out of cold storage for too long.
With its unique features, iRISecure-Blood solves many documentation and workflow issues that most Trauma Centers and Emergency Departments face. Sign up for a demo today to learn more about this groundbreaking product.
Documentation of supplies in hospitals is extremely important, and when it comes to uncrossmatched blood, also known as O –negative, it becomes absolutely critical. O-negative blood is the most required blood type in Emergency and Trauma centers due to its near universal applicability. Because of its broad applicability, time doesn’t need to be spent verifying blood types, which can eat up critical minutes in the case of a true emergency. Recently the Red Cross reported a 10% increase in blood requests from Trauma Centers since 2019. With a surge in blood need and a corresponding decrease in blood donations, due to a number of reasons including Covid-19, the proper management of blood by Emergency Departments and Trauma Centers has become a key component of quality patient care.
When it comes to the proper management and documentation of blood, Emergency Departments and Trauma Centers are usually facing an uphill battle. When a patient arrives at the Trauma Center or Emergency Department, there is rightfully a sense of urgency to care for the patient, and the manual processes required to document blood usage quickly break down. When all focus is on the patient on the table, manual documentation gets missed resulting in critical data loss. This lack of documentation can lead to devastating results, including a shortage of blood supply because re-orders are not being placed due to lack of communication. Another challenge with blood is that it has a shelf life of 48 days (about 1 and a half months), so any errors in record-keeping can lead to wasted blood, which hospitals absolutely can not afford.
To tackle this severe documentation challenge, Mobile Aspects has come up with a solution to automatically document the usage of blood. iRISecure Blood is the first and only RFID (radio frequency identification) blood tracking and documentation system designed specifically for Trauma Centers and Emergency Departments. It can track and document blood from the receipt at the hospital’s blood bank to the final transfusion to patient in the Trauma Center and everywhere in between. The system also tracks the time of receipt of blood into the blood bank, blood type, storage location, users, and can track when removed for transport to the Emergency Room or Trauma Center. The system can be integrated with the blood supplier’s information system to provide seamless communication between a blood bank and its blood supplier, as well as to the Electronic Medical Record to provide automatic documentation in the patient’s medical record.
For more information, connect with us and sign up for a demo today.
Type O negative blood is considered the universal blood type since it can be used for most recipients with a minimal risk of infection, making it beneficial in trauma situations where the time to crossmatch blood types is unavailable. However, due to factors such as the Covid-19 pandemic limiting donation opportunities and an increase in demand from Trauma Centers, all blood types including type O negative are in extremely short supply. The Red Cross announced that it is currently experiencing a “severe blood shortage.” Vitalant, one of the nation’s oldest and largest nonprofit transfusion medicine organizations, said its blood supply is half of what it should be and is critically short for needed medical procedures across the country.
An insufficient blood supply can have a devastating effect on hospitals, which could struggle to properly treat trauma patients, provide blood transfusions, and conduct elective surgeries that have been on pause due to the pandemic. Also, the Covid-19 pandemic has limited blood donation opportunities like blood drives and has also caused a sense of hesitancy among donors according to donation centers. But, according to Vitalant and the Red Cross, it is not possible to spread or contract Covid-19 through donating or receiving blood, nor is a person required to be vaccinated against Covid-19 to donate blood.
Regardless of the reasons, hospital blood banks are currently experiencing a shortage of blood that may become a full-blown crisis. Most Trauma Centers or Emergency Departments in hospitals have a blood bank to store blood for emergent situations. Tracking, controlling and documenting blood use in Emergency Departments and Trauma Centers is extremely difficult considering the hectic nature of the procedures performed there. One major obstacle to proper blood tracking is that most hospitals use manual, paper forms that pass through several hands during an emergency case. Because Trauma Centers typically use universal donor blood without crossmatching, they don’t always pay close enough attention to the documentation. This lack of documentation can lead to devastating results, including a shortage of blood supply because re-orders are not being placed due to lack of communication.
After being approached by a leading academic medical center in the Northeast, Mobile Aspects has come up with a solution to tackle these unique challenges. iRISecure Blood is the first and only RFID (radio frequency identification) blood tracking system designed specifically for Trauma Centers and Emergency Departments. It can track and document blood from the receipt at the hospital’s blood bank to the final transfusion to patient in the Trauma Center and everywhere in between. The system also tracks the time of receipt of blood into the blood bank, blood type, storage location, users, and can track when removed for transport to the Emergency Room or Trauma Center. The system can also be integrated with the blood supplier’s information system to provide seamless communication between a blood bank and its blood supplier, as well as to the Electronic Medical Record to provide automatic documentation in the patient’s medical record.
Based on evolving guidance around the reprocessing and disinfection of flexible endoscopes, many hospitals are updating their procedures to include the drying of endoscope channels. This is due to the increasing evidence that simply hanging scopes vertically or flushing channels with alcohol after disinfection still leaves moisture within channels. The Society of Gastroenterology Nurses & Associates (SGNA) guidelines advise that “drying the endoscope after every reprocessing cycle, both between patient procedures and before storage is a requisite practice crucial to the prevention of bacterial transmission and noscomial infection. Drying is as important to the prevention of disease transmission and noscomial infection as cleaning and high level disinfection.”
In order to effectively dry endoscope channels, many hospitals are investing in specialized cabinets that blow filtered air through the endoscope’s channels while being vertically hung. This additional measure helps to flush out any moisture that may have remained after scopes are run through automated endoscope reprocessors (AERs), reducing the possibility of bacterial growth. Many of the endoscope channel drying cabinets on the market pull air from the hospital’s central air supply system in order to generate the air that is then blown through the channels of the endoscope. The additional construction required to pull central air supply to the endoscope drying cabinets can cost hospitals over $100,000, often many times the expense of the drying cabinets alone.
With Mobile Aspects’ new endoscope channel drying cabinets, there is now no need to tap into the hospital’s central air supply system. Mobile Aspects’ iRIScope cabinets have their own air filtering system built in, saving hospitals a lot of money during installation. They also meet all the endoscope storage guidelines from The Joint Commission, SGNA and many others. Due to the built-in air filters, it only takes 10 minutes to dry the endoscope channels compared to many other cabinets that take 45 minutes or more to accomplish the same task. Check out our earlier article where we discussed How a New Method Is Reducing Endoscope Channel Drying Times Down to Only 10 Minutes.
In addition to drying endoscope channels, Mobile Aspects’ iRIScope system is also a flexible endoscope tracking system that uses barcode and Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) to track the entire lifecycle of your endoscopes. The iRIScope system provides the benefits of electronic documentation, decreased risk of cross-contamination, and increased efficiency by tracking endoscope usage automatically and with high reliability. Additionally, Mobile Aspects iRIScope locking cabinets meet endoscope storage guidelines via the use of HEPA filters, as well as positive pressure and optional channel drying. Built in alerts and artificial intelligence will let your staff know when endoscopes have reached their shelf life limit, when they have gone missing for a set time period, and can even predict when a dirty scope has been entered into a clean storage cabinet.
